Mechanisms controlling the temporal variation of the sea ice edge in the Southern Ocean     

Noriaki Kimura 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):685-694

This paper examines the mechanism controlling the short time-scale variation of sea ice cover over the Southern Ocean. Sea ice concentration and ice velocity datasets derived from images of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are employed to reveal this mechanism. The contribution of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the change in ice edge location is examined by comparing the meridional velocity of ice edge displacement and sea ice drift. In the winter expansion phase, the thermodynamic process of new ice production off the ice edge plays an important role in daily advances of ice cover, whereas daily retreats are mostly due to southward ice drift. On the other hand, both advance and retreat of ice edges in the spring contraction phase are mostly caused by the dynamic process of the ice drift. Based on the above mechanism and the linear relation between the degree of ice production at the ice edge and northward wind speed, the seasonal advance of ice cover can be roughly reproduced using the meridional velocity of ice drift at the ice edge.  相似文献   

应用INSAR进行黄河三角洲地面沉降监测研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

陈义兰  周兴华  刘忠臣 《海洋测绘》2006,26(2):16-19

在分析黄河三角洲的地面沉降状况及其对国民经济造成的影响的基础上,说明了对黄河三角洲进行地面沉降研究的必要性。综述了合成孔径雷达干涉测量的基本原理,针对近年来国内外干涉合成孔径雷达(INSAR)技术在地面沉降方面的研究和应用成果,分析了合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术应用于黄河三角洲地面沉降研究的可行性。  相似文献   

A climatology of mesoscale model simulated low-level wind jets over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, Alaska     

Haibo Liu  Peter Q. Olsson  Karl P. Volz  Han Yi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):551

Weather in the North Gulf of Alaska is characterized by a high frequency of deep synoptic-scale low-pressure systems, especially during the cold season. The strong pressure gradients of these storms interact with the extremely rugged terrain of the coastal mountains to produce a variety of channeled flows. These surface wind regimes are not well documented in the scientific community, due to the paucity of observations. Modeling of these phenomena in regions of complex terrain is of great interest to those working with hydrodynamic, wave, and pollutant transport models in coastal and shelf areas. Such models, when coupled with ocean and coastal-ecology counterparts, give a broad view of the role surface winds play in shaping local coastal marine ecosystem in this region. This paper presents a climatology of simulated low-level wind jets over the domain of Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait along Alaska's south-central coast. Daily simulations using the RAMS model were conducted in a 36-h forecast mode for the cold-season period 10/1/03 to 3/31/04. Systematic analysis of the resulting simulated low-level wind field makes it possible to characterize these jets and gap flows in spatial and temporal detail. The comparison between the RAMS winds and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived winds when available verifies the existence of these wind jets and the capability of the model to simulate these cases. Clearly, the results of a study in this region depend on the fidelity of the model at these scales (O[5 km]). The SAR comparisons attempt to help establish this. From the 6 months of simulations over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, the low-level wind jets are classified into 10 different regimes by location and orientation. These regimes are categorized into four more general groups: cross-channel westerly, easterly, and up and down Inlet flows. The nature of a particular regime is largely a function of pressure gradient orientation and local topography. Jets in the same group have a similar occurrence distribution with time. Some form of jet occurred in the study region almost daily each month of the period, with December 2003 having the highest frequency of wind jets.  相似文献   

2000-2014年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域积雪时空变化分析及对气候的响应研究   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

刘金平  张万昌  邓财  聂宁 《冰川冻土》2018,40(4):643-654

利用2000-2014年MODIS逐日无云积雪产品对雅鲁藏布江流域积雪特征的空间分布及变化、积雪随高程变化的规律进行了分析,并采用被动微波数据SMMR （1979-1987年）和SSM/I （1988-2008年）以及中国地面降水和气温0.5°×0.5°日值格点数据集,研究了雅鲁藏布江流域关键积雪参数对气候要素的响应等。结果表明：流域下游积雪日较大且变化剧烈;流域整体上呈显著减少的趋势;积雪日随高程的上升而增加;流域内降水呈不显著的增加趋势,而气温呈显著的增加趋势,最高气温对积雪变化影响最大;气温对积雪终日的影响明显高于积雪初日;在积雪消融期降水的增多促进了积雪的消融。  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海泡石中的稀土元素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张楠  徐铁民  吴良英  魏双  方蓬达  王家松 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):644-649

海泡石是一种纤维状含水的富镁硅酸盐黏土矿,其中的稀土元素含量在1×10~(-7)～1×10~(-5)之间,目前还没有建立海泡石中稀土元素的国家标准分析方法。测定岩石中的稀土元素主要是采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),样品前处理一般采用封闭溶矿和碱熔,但这两种处理方法耗时较长,效率不高。本文通过比较硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-过氧化氢三种样品前处理方法,确定使用硝酸-氢氟酸溶矿,然后进行微波消解同时赶去氢氟酸,避免氢氟酸与稀土元素生成难溶的氟化物,再采用ICP-MS法测定15种稀土元素的含量。由于海泡石中的镁含量较高,为降低基体效应,以~(103)Rh和~(185)Re作内标补偿基体效应和校正灵敏度漂移,各元素测定值的准确性显著提高,回收率为91. 2%～110. 9%,检出限为0. 002～0. 011μg/L,精密度≤2. 79%。本方法与封闭酸溶ICP-MS法的分析结果吻合较好,且用酸量少(7 mL),溶矿效率高(1 h),检出限更低。  相似文献   

一种多孔径SAR图像目标检测方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪长城  廖明生 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2009,34(1)

提出了一种多孔径SAR图像目标检测方法,充分利用SAR图像幅度和相位信息来区分人造目标和杂波。由于人造目标的回波能量往往集中在部分方位角范围内,当该部分方位角范围所对应的多个子孔径图像中存在目标时,其局部相关性较强,因此,该方法利用多个子孔径图像之间的相干系数检测目标。实验结果表明,该方法有效地提高了目标检测概率,同时降低了虚警概率。  相似文献   

大流域3维水情信息系统的设计与实现研究     

朱翊  王涛  孙立坚 《地理信息世界》2007,5(1):52-55

阐述了天津海河流域3维可视化应用系统的建设背景，系统设计及使用的关键技术。海河流域3维可视化应用系统（HH-VRGIS）是海河流域水利信息化的重要组成部分，它充分运用了现代GIS技术，先进的3维虚拟仿真可视化技术，大型数据库管理技术以及通信技术对水文专题信息的空间分析模型与查询技术进行了全面的整合，对海河流域的信息化管理，水资源的科学化调度和汛情及时准确的模拟和仿真做了基础研究。实践表明，该系统设计先进，界面友好，功能完善，运行稳定，具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Cross-Correlation Detection of Point Sources in the WMAP First Year Data     

Jian-Yin Nie  Shuang-Nan Zhang  Department of Physics  Center for Astrophysics  Tsinghua University  Beijing  Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics  Institute of High Energy Physics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(2):199-208

We apply a Cross-Correlation (CC) method developed previously for detecting gamma-ray point sources to the WMAP first year data by using the Point-Spread Function of WMAP and obtain a full sky CC coefficient map. We find that the CC method is a pow- erful tool to examine the WMAP foreground residuals which can be further cleaned accord- ingly. Evident foreground signals are found in the WMAP foreground cleaned maps and the Tegmark cleaned map. In this process 101 point sources are detected, and 26 of them are new sources additional to the originally listed WMAP 208 sources. We estimate the ?ux of these new sources and verify them by another method. As a result, a revised mask file based on the WMAP first year data is produced by including these new sources.  相似文献   

Wave Height Estimation from SAR Imagery     

杨劲松黄韦艮  周成虎肖清梅 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2004,22(2):157-161

This paper presents a method developed for estimating wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without prior assumption of noise distribution. It is based on two-dimenslonal ocean wave spectra retrieved from fully calibrated SAR images. Wen‘s spectrum was used as first-guess wave spectrum in the retrieval process. Comparison of the estimated wave height obtained by this method from two ERS-1 SAR subimages dated 23 July 1994 with in-situ measurements showed that the method works well.  相似文献   

弱流场调制下的海面微波散射模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吕伟艳  赵朝方  杜涛 《海洋科学》2008,32(7):57-61

根据海面微波散射的多尺度模型以及波流相互作用理论，对一维弱流场调制下的海面微波散射截面进行了数值模拟。结果表明，利用数值方法直接求解波作用量方程获得的海浪调制谱并结合多尺度模型可以较好地模拟弱流场引起的雷达散射截面的变化。内波等海洋现象调制了海浪谱，使得雷达散射截面反映出这些海洋特征，整个调制过程的模拟对于分析这些海洋现象并更好地利用其雷达数据具有重要意义。  相似文献